Cost-effective Detection Methods of Corrosive Poisons in Post-mortem Forensic Samples

Abstract

Background: Forensic Toxicology plays a key role in explaining the events surrounding suspicious deaths, yet financial constraints often impede access to advanced detection technologies. This review study explores the effectiveness of traditional chemical methods for detecting poisons in post-mortem samples, particularly corrosive poisons, as a cost-effective alternative to modern analytical tools and techniques. Method: A literature review is carried out to explore cheap and effective analytical methods for corrosive poisons. Our review encompassed forensic toxicology literature dating back to 1955 and more recent publications on the subject. We also examined online resources to compare our findings with the latest advancements in analytical technologies. Results: Various cost-effective methods are available and can be used for the detection of both organic and inorganic corrosive poisons including acetic acid, ammonia, carbolic acid, creosote, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroxide and carbonates of potassium, hydroxide, and carbonates of sodium, nitric acid, oxalic acid, picric acid, potassium permanganate, salicylic acid, sulfuric acid, and tartaric acid. Conclusions: Classical chemical methods remain relevant and practical for daily toxicological analyses in resource-constrained settings due to their affordability, ease of use, and reliability. Despite the advantages of modern tools, the high costs and complexity make traditional methods a viable and necessary alternative for small-scale forensic laboratories.